{"id":10950,"date":"2026-09-06T09:15:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-06T07:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/specialist-doctor-specialisations-work-pay-employment\/"},"modified":"2026-09-06T09:15:00","modified_gmt":"2026-09-06T07:15:00","slug":"specialist-doctor-specialisations-work-pay-employment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/en\/specialist-doctor-specialisations-work-pay-employment\/","title":{"rendered":"Specialist doctor \u2013 job description and all medical specialisations in Slovenia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A specialist doctor is a doctor who, after completing medical school, the traineeship and professional examination and meeting the other conditions, has completed a specialisation in a particular field of medicine and passed the specialist examination.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Specialisation gives a doctor in-depth professional training in the chosen field. After obtaining the relevant licence, a specialist can practise medicine independently in their field of expertise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Slovenia, medical specialisations are run by the Medical Chamber of Slovenia (Zdravni\u0161ka zbornica Slovenije), while their types, content, duration and course are set by regulations. The Medical Chamber publishes the current specialisation programmes, their content, duration and other information for trainees on its website.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Specialist doctor \u2013 a short description of the profession<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A specialist doctor diagnoses, treats and follows up patients in their field. Slovenia currently has <strong>49 medical specialisations<\/strong>, including family medicine, paediatrics, internal medicine, surgery, radiology, psychiatry, emergency medicine, oncology and many others. Independent specialist practice requires the relevant licence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What does a specialist doctor do?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A specialist&#8217;s work depends on their specialisation. A specialist may:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>carry out specialist examinations,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>make diagnoses,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>plan treatment,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>carry out medical procedures,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prescribe medicines within their competence,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>monitor the course of illness,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>take part in emergency care,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>perform operations, if they are a surgical specialist,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>take part in multidisciplinary care,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>take part in prevention,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>take part in research and teaching,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lead or work in a healthcare team,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prepare professional documentation,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>help introduce new diagnostic and therapeutic methods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The scope of competence depends on the specialisation, the licence, the post and the specific field of work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How do you become a specialist doctor?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The path to becoming a specialist is long and has several stages. In general:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>secondary school \u2192 medical school \u2192 traineeship or prescribed training \u2192 professional examination \u2192 conditions for independent practice \u2192 specialisation \u2192 specialist examination \u2192 licence for the specialist field<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Specialisation is structured postgraduate professional training in which the doctor works under supervision or mentorship and gradually gains the competences for independent specialist work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/en\/medical-doctor-education-studies-specialisation-pay-employment\/\">\u2192 Medical doctor: medical school, traineeship, professional exam and licence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the specialist doctor a regulated profession?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. Medical practice is a regulated activity. To practise independently, a doctor must meet the conditions set by law and hold the relevant licence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A specialist doctor may practise independently in the field for which they are professionally qualified and hold the relevant licence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is specialisation?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Specialisation is organised professional education and practical training for a doctor in a particular field of medicine. During specialisation, the trainee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>works in various healthcare institutions,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>completes the prescribed rotations,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gains practical experience,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>carries out diagnostic and therapeutic procedures,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>takes part in patient care,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>acquires specialist competences,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>takes knowledge assessments,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prepares a specialist thesis or meets other final requirements of the programme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The length of specialisation depends on the field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How long does specialisation take?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Specialisations are not all the same length. Some programmes take about two years, others four, five, six or more. The Medical Chamber&#8217;s current list, for example, gives clinical pharmacology and clinical nutrition a duration of two years, many internal medicine and diagnostic specialisations take four to five years, and some surgical specialisations take six or seven years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The duration may change with a new programme, so always check the current programme for a given specialisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">All medical specialisations in Slovenia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Below are the current medical specialisations in Slovenia. The descriptions are a short introduction to each field and do not replace the official programme of the specialisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Abdominal surgery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An abdominal surgeon treats diseases of the abdominal organs surgically. The field includes operations on the digestive tract, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and other structures of the abdominal cavity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Allergology and clinical immunology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A specialist in allergology and clinical immunology treats diseases of the immune system and allergic diseases in adults. They diagnose allergies, immune disorders and more complex immunological diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Anaesthesiology, reanimatology and perioperative intensive care<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An anaesthetist is responsible for anaesthesia and patient safety during surgery. The field also includes intensive care, the care of critically ill patients, resuscitation, pain management and perioperative medicine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Dermatovenereology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A dermatovenereologist deals with diseases of the skin, hair, nails and mucous membranes and with sexually transmitted infections. The field includes diagnosing and treating a wide range of skin diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Family medicine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A family medicine specialist is the doctor of first contact for a large part of the population. They see patients of all ages, follow chronic diseases, provide prevention, diagnose common illnesses and refer patients to other specialists when needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Physical and rehabilitation medicine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A specialist in physical and rehabilitation medicine treats the consequences of injuries, diseases and other conditions that affect movement and independence. The aim is to improve function, mobility and quality of life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Gastroenterology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A gastroenterologist deals with diseases of the digestive system. They treat the oesophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, bile ducts and pancreas and carry out or take part in endoscopic diagnostic procedures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Gynaecology and obstetrics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A specialist in gynaecology and obstetrics looks after the health of the female reproductive system, pregnancy and birth. The field includes gynaecological diagnostics and treatment, monitoring pregnancy and managing birth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Haematology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A haematologist deals with diseases of the blood, the blood-forming organs and some diseases of the immune system. The field includes diagnosing and treating anaemia, leukaemia, lymphoma, blood clotting disorders and other haematological diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Infectious diseases<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An infectious diseases specialist diagnoses and treats infectious diseases. They deal with bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections and with preventing and controlling the spread of infection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. Intensive care medicine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An intensive care specialist looks after the most seriously ill patients who need continuous monitoring and support of vital functions. The work takes place mainly in intensive care units.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. Internal medicine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An internist diagnoses and treats diseases of the internal organs in adults. Internal medicine is also an important basic specialisation for several narrower fields of internal medicine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13. Medical oncology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A medical oncologist treats patients with cancer mainly with systemic therapy. They also help plan comprehensive cancer care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14. Public health<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A public health specialist focuses not only on the individual patient but on the health of the population. They deal with epidemiology, prevention, health promotion, monitoring population health and planning health measures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">15. Cardiology and vascular medicine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A cardiologist deals with diseases of the heart and blood vessels. They treat heart disease, heart rhythm disorders, heart failure, coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">16. Cardiovascular surgery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A cardiovascular surgeon treats diseases of the heart and great vessels surgically. The field includes complex heart and vascular operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">17. Clinical genetics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A clinical genetics specialist deals with hereditary diseases and genetic factors of disease. The work includes genetic diagnostics, interpreting results and genetic counselling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">18. Clinical microbiology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A clinical microbiologist deals with the laboratory diagnosis of infectious agents. They examine bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites and help choose and monitor appropriate antimicrobial treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">19. Clinical pharmacology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A clinical pharmacologist deals with medicines and their effects on people. The field includes the safe use of medicines, side effects, drug interactions, pharmacotherapy and drug research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">20. Clinical nutrition<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A clinical nutrition specialist deals with the nutritional aspects of diseases and health conditions. They work on nutritional support for patients, malnutrition, metabolic disorders and planning medical nutrition. This is one of the newer specialisations; the current programme applies from 1 September 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">21. Maxillofacial surgery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A maxillofacial surgeon treats diseases, injuries and abnormalities of the face, jaws, oral cavity and surrounding structures surgically. The field also includes reconstructive and more complex surgery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">22. Occupational, traffic and sports medicine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A specialist in occupational, traffic and sports medicine deals with the effects of work, traffic and physical activity on health. They assess fitness for certain types of work and take part in prevention and protecting the health of employees and athletes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">23. Nephrology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A nephrologist deals with kidney diseases. They treat chronic and acute kidney failure, hypertension, electrolyte disorders and patients who need dialysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">24. Neurosurgery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A neurosurgeon treats diseases and injuries of the nervous system surgically. The field mainly covers the brain, the spinal cord and structures of the peripheral nervous system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">25. Nuclear medicine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A nuclear medicine specialist uses radioactive substances to diagnose and treat certain diseases. The field includes various methods of functional imaging and radionuclide therapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">26. Neonatology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A neonatologist cares for newborns, especially premature and sick newborns. The work is often linked to neonatal intensive care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">27. Neurology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A neurologist diagnoses and treats diseases of the nervous system. They treat diseases of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves and muscles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">28. Ophthalmology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An ophthalmologist deals with diseases of the eyes and vision. The field includes diagnosing eye diseases, treatment, monitoring vision and eye surgery. A new ophthalmology specialisation programme applies from 1 September 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">29. Radiation oncology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A radiation oncology specialist treats cancer using ionising radiation. Radiotherapy is an important part of multidisciplinary cancer treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">30. Orthopaedic surgery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An orthopaedic surgeon treats diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system surgically. The field includes bones, joints, ligaments, muscles and other structures of the musculoskeletal system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">31. Otorhinolaryngology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An otorhinolaryngologist (ENT specialist) deals with diseases of the ears, nose, pharynx and larynx. The field also includes disorders of hearing, balance, voice and the upper airways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">32. Child and adolescent psychiatry<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A child and adolescent psychiatrist treats mental disorders in children and adolescents. The work includes diagnosis, treatment and cooperation with the family, school and other professionals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">33. Paediatric surgery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A paediatric surgeon treats diseases and injuries in children surgically. The field is characterised by adapting surgical care to the child&#8217;s age and development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">34. Paediatric neurology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A paediatric neurologist treats diseases of the nervous system in children. The field includes epilepsy, developmental disorders, neuromuscular diseases and other neurological diseases of childhood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">35. Pathology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A pathologist studies disease changes in tissues and cells. Pathological diagnostics are important in determining the type of disease, especially in cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">36. Paediatrics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A paediatrician is a specialist in the health care of children and adolescents. They diagnose and treat diseases and monitor the child&#8217;s growth, development and health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">37. Plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A plastic surgeon treats congenital and acquired abnormalities, injuries and changes of the body surgically. The field includes reconstructive surgery and aesthetic surgery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">38. Pulmonology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A pulmonologist deals with respiratory diseases. They treat asthma, chronic lung diseases, lung infections, breathing disorders and other lung diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">39. Psychiatry<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A psychiatrist diagnoses and treats mental disorders in adults. Treatment may include psychiatric care, psychotherapeutic approaches, medication and other forms of help.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">40. Radiology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A radiologist uses imaging methods to detect and monitor disease. The field includes X-ray diagnostics, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and other radiological procedures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">41. Rheumatology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A rheumatologist deals with diseases of the joints, muscles, connective tissue and autoimmune diseases. The field includes inflammatory rheumatic diseases and systemic connective tissue diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">42. Forensic medicine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A forensic medicine specialist applies medical knowledge to questions related to the justice system. The field includes assessing injuries, causes of death, identifying persons and other medico-legal questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">43. General surgery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A general surgeon treats a wide range of diseases and injuries surgically. The field includes many operations on the abdomen, skin, soft tissues and other areas within general surgery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">44. Thoracic surgery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A thoracic surgeon treats diseases of the chest surgically. The field mainly covers the surgical treatment of diseases of the lungs, oesophagus, mediastinum and other chest structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">45. Transfusion medicine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A transfusion medicine specialist looks after the field of blood, blood components and transfusion therapy. The field includes blood supply, laboratory testing and the safe use of blood and blood components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">46. Traumatology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A traumatologist treats injuries and their consequences. The field includes injuries of bones, joints, soft tissues and other injuries of the musculoskeletal system. A new traumatology specialisation programme applies from 1 September 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">47. Emergency medicine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An emergency medicine specialist treats patients with acute and life-threatening conditions. The work includes rapid diagnosis, stabilisation, emergency treatment and deciding on further care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">48. Urology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A urologist deals with diseases of the urinary tract in women and men and of the male reproductive system. The field covers the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, prostate and other organs of the urogenital system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">49. Vascular surgery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A vascular surgeon treats diseases of the arteries and veins surgically. The field covers a range of vascular diseases that need surgical or endovascular treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/en\/poklic\/specialist-doctor\/\"><strong>\u2192 Specialist doctor: current vacancies<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/en\/poklic\/medical-specializations\/\">\u2192 Specialisation posts on the portal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which specialisations are surgical?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Surgical fields are those in which operative treatment is an important part of the work. They include mainly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>abdominal surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cardiovascular surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>maxillofacial surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>neurosurgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>paediatric surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>orthopaedic surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>general surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>thoracic surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>traumatology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>urology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vascular surgery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In some other specialisations, surgical or invasive procedures are also an important part of the work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which specialisations belong to internal medicine?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fields of internal medicine, or specialisations linked to it, include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>internal medicine,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>allergology and clinical immunology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gastroenterology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>haematology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>infectious diseases,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cardiology and vascular medicine,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nephrology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pulmonology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>rheumatology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>medical oncology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What they have in common is mainly the treatment of diseases of the internal organs and systemic diseases in adults.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which specialisations focus on children?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Specialisations aimed specifically at children and adolescents include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>paediatrics,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>paediatric surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>paediatric neurology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>child and adolescent psychiatry,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>neonatology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other specialisations also include a significant amount of work with children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which specialisations are diagnostic?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Important diagnostic fields include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>radiology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pathology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>clinical microbiology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nuclear medicine,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>clinical genetics,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>clinical physiology or other fields of functional diagnostics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diagnostics is, however, part of practically every medical specialisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which specialisations involve work in the operating theatre?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The operating theatre is mainly the domain of surgeons and anaesthetists. The more common fields include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>abdominal surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cardiovascular surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>neurosurgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>paediatric surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>orthopaedic surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>plastic surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>general surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>thoracic surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>traumatology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>urology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vascular surgery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>maxillofacial surgery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During operations, the anaesthetist is responsible for the patient&#8217;s anaesthetic and perioperative care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which specialisations involve a lot of patient contact?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Direct patient contact is important in many specialisations. Particularly strong examples include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>family medicine,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>paediatrics,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>internal medicine,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>psychiatry,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gynaecology and obstetrics,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>emergency medicine,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dermatovenereology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>neurology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cardiology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gastroenterology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>orthopaedics,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>oncology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The amount of direct contact depends on the post and the organisation of work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which specialisations involve more laboratory work?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A larger share of laboratory and diagnostic work is found mainly in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>clinical microbiology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>clinical genetics,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pathology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>transfusion medicine,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>clinical pharmacology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Doctors in other fields may also do an important part of their work in a laboratory or diagnostic setting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can a doctor change specialisation?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The options depend on the applicable rules, the call, the trainee&#8217;s status, the programme and the specific circumstances. In its calls and procedures, the Medical Chamber applies rules on specialisations, candidates and the relatedness of individual specialisations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Changing specialisation is therefore not something that can be done automatically in every programme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How is a specialisation post obtained?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Slovenia, medical specialisations are advertised under the Medical Services Act and the rules governing the types, content, duration and course of specialisations. The Medical Chamber publishes public calls for specialisations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>for individual healthcare providers,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>for the whole country,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>for individual specialist fields with a known funder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The call sets out the number of available posts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who pays for specialisation?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The funder depends on the type of call and the specific post. In calls, the funder may be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a public healthcare institution,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>another healthcare provider,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>another legal or natural person,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>another funder specified in the call.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In calls with a known funder, the candidate may find a funder themselves, if the call allows it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much does a specialist trainee earn?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A specialist trainee is an employed doctor and is paid under the applicable pay system or their contract with the employer. Pay depends on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the post,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the pay grade,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>length of service,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>allowances,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>on-call duty,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>night work,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>work on Sundays and public holidays,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>other elements of pay.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is therefore not possible to give a single salary for all specialist trainees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Specialist doctors in hospitals<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A large share of specialists work in hospitals. The work may include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>outpatient work,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ward work,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>operations,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>diagnostics,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>consultations,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>on-call duty,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>intensive care,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>taking part in multidisciplinary case conferences,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>following up hospitalised patients.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The organisation of work depends on the specialisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Specialist doctors in community health centres<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Specialists can also work in community health centres. Examples include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>family medicine,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>paediatrics,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gynaecology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>psychiatry,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>physical and rehabilitation medicine,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>occupational, traffic and sports medicine,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>emergency medicine and other fields.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Specialist doctors in private practice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Specialists can also work for private healthcare providers. They must meet the conditions for practising medicine and hold the relevant licence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/en\/poklic\/doctors\/\">\u2192 All vacancies for doctors<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The specialist doctor&#8217;s licence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A licence is a public document proving a doctor&#8217;s professional competence to practise medicine independently in a specific field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A doctor who passes the specialist examination in Slovenia and meets the conditions is granted the licence ex officio. The licence is granted for a fixed period, <strong>currently seven years<\/strong>. After that it must be renewed in line with the continuing professional development requirements and the applicable rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Specialist doctors and continuing professional development<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Medical knowledge changes quickly. A specialist therefore needs to keep up with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>new diagnostic methods,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>new medicines,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>new surgical techniques,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>clinical guidelines,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>scientific research,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>changes in legislation,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>safety procedures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Continuing professional development is also important for renewing the licence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Specialist doctors and artificial intelligence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Artificial intelligence is increasingly used in medicine. It can be used for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>analysing medical images,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>supporting diagnosis,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>analysing data,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>clinical decision support,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>research,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>administrative tasks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, artificial intelligence does not replace the doctor&#8217;s professional responsibility. A specialist must be able to assess the results of technology professionally and integrate them into the overall care of the patient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What qualities does a specialist doctor need?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Important qualities are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>professionalism,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>responsibility,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>accuracy,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>decision-making,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>analytical thinking,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>communication skills,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>empathy,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>teamwork,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>psychological resilience,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>commitment to lifelong learning,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the ability to work under time pressure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Different specialisations call for different combinations of these qualities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is a specialist doctor&#8217;s work demanding?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. A specialist doctor bears professional responsibility for their decisions. The work may involve:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>difficult diagnoses,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>complex treatment,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>emergencies,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>difficult conversations with patients and families,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>on-call duty,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>night work,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a lot of administration,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>continuous education.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How demanding it is varies greatly between specialisations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advantages of the profession<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a high level of professional expertise,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the opportunity to work in a specialised field,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>work in a field that interests the doctor professionally,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>opportunities to work in various healthcare institutions,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>opportunities for research and teaching,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>opportunities for professional development,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>taking part in the development of medicine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Challenges of the profession<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a long path of education,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a demanding specialisation,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>responsibility for medical decisions,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>on-call duty,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>night and shift work in some fields,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>emotionally demanding situations,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>continuing professional development,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>administrative burden.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The future of specialist doctors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Specialist doctors will remain essential to the functioning of the healthcare system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Demographic change, new therapies, population ageing, advances in diagnostics, personalised medicine and digitalisation are changing the way specialists work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The future of medicine will increasingly rely on connecting different specialist fields, data support, new technologies and multidisciplinary cooperation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is a specialist doctor?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A specialist doctor is a doctor who has completed a specialisation in a particular field of medicine, passed the specialist examination and meets the conditions for independent specialist practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How many medical specialisations are there in Slovenia?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the current list of the Medical Chamber of Slovenia, there are 49 current medical specialisations in Slovenia. Current programmes should be distinguished from archived programmes and from specialisations for doctors of dental medicine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which is the longest specialisation?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It depends on the programme. Some current programmes take six or seven years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Are all specialisations the same length?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No. The length varies between specialisations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who advertises specialisation posts?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Medical specialisations are run by the Medical Chamber of Slovenia, which publishes public calls in line with the applicable regulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can a doctor choose their specialisation?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A doctor applies for advertised specialisation posts. The choice therefore depends on the available calls, the conditions, the results achieved and other rules of the procedure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does a specialist doctor need a licence?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. To practise medicine independently, they must hold the relevant licence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can a doctor work without a specialisation?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A doctor without a specialisation cannot automatically be equated with a specialist doctor. The conditions for independent medical practice are set by regulations and relate to education, the professional examination, registration and the licence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can a specialist doctor work in a private clinic?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes, if they meet the conditions for practising medicine and hold the relevant licence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which specialisation involves working with children?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The main ones are paediatrics, paediatric surgery, paediatric neurology, child and adolescent psychiatry and neonatology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which specialisations involve operations?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Surgical specialisations include abdominal, cardiovascular, maxillofacial, neurosurgery, paediatric surgery, orthopaedic, plastic, general and thoracic surgery, traumatology, urology and vascular surgery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which specialisations are linked to diagnostics?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Practically all specialisations involve diagnostics. Radiology, pathology, clinical microbiology, clinical genetics and nuclear medicine are especially diagnostic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can a doctor continue their education after specialisation?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. A specialist can continue professional development, gain new knowledge and take part in research, teaching or professional work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/en\/poklic\/specialist-doctor\/\"><strong>SPECIALIST DOCTOR JOBS<\/strong> (see current vacancies for specialist doctors)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/en\/packages\/\"><strong>ARE YOU HIRING A SPECIALIST DOCTOR?<\/strong> (see the packages for posting a job advert)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/en\/boost-promotion-of-job-ads\/\">What is a BOOST advert? Read more &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/en\/professions\/\">All healthcare and pharmacy professions in one place<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Have you found an error in this description, or does it need updating? Please send corrections to: podpora@zdravstvena.info<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources and useful links<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Medical Chamber of Slovenia \u2013 current list of specialisations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Medical Chamber of Slovenia \u2013 calls for specialisations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ministry of Health of the Republic of Slovenia \u2013 specialisations for healthcare workers and associates<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SPOT \u2013 Medical doctor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rules on the types, content, duration and course of specialisations for doctors<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Medical Services Act<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is a specialist doctor? The path to specialisation, duration, calls, the licence and all 49 medical specialisations in Slovenia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10957,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1357,1347],"tags":[899,1871,1995,1998,2001],"class_list":["post-10950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-professions","category-jobs-in-healthcare","tag-healthcare-professions","tag-medical-specialisation-en","tag-medical-specialisations-en","tag-specialist-doctor-en","tag-specialist-trainee-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10950"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10950\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zdravstvena.info\/zaposlitev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}